Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 3 - STEP BY STEP GUIDE Przewodnik Instalacji

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4Installation Guide for x86,Itanium™, AMD64, and Intel®Extended Memory 64Technology (Intel® EM64T)

iv IntroductionNoteIf you currently use Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 (or greater) on an x86 system, you can perform anupgrade.Although upgrades are su

88 Appendix F. Additional Boot Optionsto the remote display terminal and does not allow access from anyone or any system notspecifically authorized for

Appendix F. Additional Boot Options 89nopassThis command disables the passing of keyboard and mouse information to stage 2 of the instal-lation progra

90 Appendix F. Additional Boot OptionstextThis command disables the graphical installation program and forces the installation program torun in text m

Appendix G.Additional Resources about Itanium and LinuxOther reference materials, related to running Red Hat Enterprise Linux on an Itanium system, ar

92 Appendix G. Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux

IndexSymbols/boot/ partitionrecommended partitioning, 31/boot/efi/, 31/root/install.loginstall log file location, 50/var/ partitionrecommended partition

94EEFIsystem partition, 2EFI Shell, 1ELILOautoboot, 52post-installation boot setup, 52extended partitions, 75Ffeedbackcontact information for this man

95Kkernelboot options, 87kernel options, 18keyboardconfiguration, 24navigating the installation program using, 14keymapselecting type of keyboard, 24Ll

96Ssecurity levelsfirewall configuration, 42SELinux, 43selectingpackages, 48SELinuxsecurity levels, 43SMP motherboardsGRUB, 40startinginstallation, 14,

ColophonThe manuals are written in DocBook SGML v4.1 format. The HTML and PDF formats are producedusing custom DSSSL stylesheets and custom jade wrapp

Introduction vor nonexistent support to customers. Red Hat’s installation support is deliverable via email or viathe telephone and special circumstanc

98Nadine Richter — German translationsAudrey Simons — French translationsFrancesco Valente — Italian translationsSarah Wang — Simplified Chinese transl

vi Introduction

Chapter 1.Itanium System Specific Information1.1. Itanium System Installation OverviewInstalling Red Hat Enterprise Linux on an Itanium system is diffe

2 Chapter 1. Itanium System Specific InformationTo view the results of this system poll, type the following command at the EFI Shell prompt:mapThe outp

Chapter 2.Steps to Get You Started2.1. Where to Find Other ManualsRed Hat Enterprise Linux manuals are available online or on the Red Hat Enterprise L

4 Chapter 2. Steps to Get You StartedThe disk space used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux must be separate from the disk space used by otherOSes you may ha

Chapter 2. Steps to Get You Started 52.4.2. Making an Installation Boot CD-ROMisolinux (not available for Itanium systems) is used for booting the Red

6 Chapter 2. Steps to Get You StartedNoteThe directory specified in the following refers to /location/of/disk/space/. This means it is thedirectory up

Chapter 2. Steps to Get You Started 72.5.1. Using ISO Images for NFS InstallsNFS installations can use ISO (or CD-ROM) images rather than copying an e

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Installation Guide for x86, Itanium™, AMD64, and Intel®Extended Memory 64 Technology (Intel® EM64T)Copyright © 2005 Red Ha

8 Chapter 2. Steps to Get You StartedTo prepare your system for a hard drive installation, you must set the system up in one of the followingways:• Us

Chapter 3.System Requirements TableThe most recent list of supported hardware can be found at http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/.This system requirements

10 Chapter 3. System Requirements Tablesound card: make, chipsetand model number; ex: S3SonicVibes, Sound Blaster32/64 AWEIP, DHCP, and BOOTPaddresses

Chapter 4.Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxThis chapter explains how to perform a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation from the CD-ROM,using the gr

12 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linuxelilo linux text4.1.1. A Note about Virtual ConsolesThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 13Figure 4-1. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader ConfigurationFigure 4-2. Installation

14 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linuxthan can be displayed in the space reserved for it, a scroll bar appears; if you position the cursorw

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 154.3.1. Booting the Installation Program on x86, AMD64, and Intel®EM64T SystemsYou can boot the instal

16 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linuxdrive, NFS, FTP, or HTTP installation) you must boot from an LS-120 diskette. Refer toSection 4.3.2.2

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 174.3.3. Additional Boot OptionsWhile it is easiest to boot using a CD-ROM and perform a graphical inst

Table of ContentsIntroduction...

18 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux4.3.3.1. Kernel OptionsOptions can also be passed to the kernel. For example, to instruct the kernel

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 19HTTPIf you are installing directly from an HTTP (Web) server, use this method. You need a boot CD-ROM

20 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux• a — first IDE controller, master• b — first IDE controller, slave• c — second IDE controller, master•

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 214.8. Installing via NFSThe NFS dialog applies only if you are installing from an NFS server (if you s

22 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFigure 4-5. FTP Setup DialogEnter the name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from, and

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 23Figure 4-6. HTTP Setup DialogNext, the Welcome dialog appears.TipYou can save disk space by using the

24 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFigure 4-7. Language SelectionOnce you select the appropriate language, click Next to continue.4.13.

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 25Figure 4-8. Keyboard ConfigurationTipTo change your keyboard layout type after you have completed the

26 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxWarningThe Red Hat Update Agent downloads updated packages to /var/spool/up2date/ by default.If you p

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 274.15. Automatic PartitioningAutomatic partitioning allows you to have some control concerning what da

4.17. x86, AMD64, and Intel® EM64T Boot Loader Configuration ... 354.17.1. Advanced Boot Loader Configuration ...

28 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxCautionIt is always a good idea to back up any data that you have on your systems. For example, if yo

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 29Figure 4-11. Partitioning with Disk Druid on x86, AMD64, and Intel® EM64T SystemsFigure 4-12. Partiti

30 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxThe partitioning tool used by the installation program is Disk Druid. With the exception of certaines

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 31To create an LVM logical volume, you must first create partitions of type physical volume (LVM).Once y

32 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxUsing this formula, a system with 2 GB of physical RAM would have 4 GB of swap, while onewith 3 GB of

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 33TipIf your hard drive is more than 1024 cylinders (and your system was manufactured more than twoyear

34 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux• Mount Point: Enter the partition’s mount point. For example, if this partition should be the rootpa

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 35• vfat — The VFAT file system is a Linux file system that is compatible with Microsoft Windowslong filen

36 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFigure 4-14. Boot Loader ConfigurationIf you do not want to install GRUB as your boot loader, click Ch

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 37Once you have loaded the GRUB boot screen, use the arrow keys to choose a boot label or type[e] for e

D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions ... 71D.1. Hard Disk B

38 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFigure 4-15. Boot Loader InstallationTipIf you have a RAID card, be aware that some BIOSes do not sup

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 39To add default options to the boot command, enter them into the Kernel parameters field. Anyoptions yo

40 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux4.17.4. SMP Motherboards and GRUBThis section is specific to SMP motherboards only. SMP, short for Sym

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 41The installation program automatically detects any network devices you have and display them in theNe

42 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxTipTo change your network configuration after you have completed the installation, use the NetworkAdmi

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 43Enable firewallIf you choose Enable firewall, connections are not accepted by your system (other than t

44 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxThe SELinux implementation in Red Hat Enterprise Linux is designed to improve the security ofvarious

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 45Figure 4-19. Language Support SelectionTo use more than one language on your system, choose specific l

46 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFigure 4-20. Configuring the Time ZoneSelect System Clock uses UTC if you know that your system is set

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 47Figure 4-21. Root PasswordUse the root account only for system administration. Create a non-root acco

48 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxNoteDo not use one of the example passwords offered in this manual. Using one of these passwordscould

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 49Figure 4-22. Package Group SelectionSelect each component you wish to install. Selecting Everything (

50 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux4.24. Preparing to InstallA screen preparing you for the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux now

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 514.27. Activate Your SubscriptionBefore you can access service and software maintenance information, a

52 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux• /usr/bin/up2date --register4.28. Itanium Systems — Booting Your Machine andPost-Installation SetupT

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 53system to boot into Red Hat Enterprise Linux automatically, you need to configure the EFI BootManager.

54 Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Appendix A.Upgrading Your Current SystemThis appendix explains the various methods available for upgrading your Red Hat Enterprise Linuxsystem.A.1. De

56 Appendix A. Upgrading Your Current SystemSome upgraded packages may require the installation of other packages for proper operation. If youchoose t

Appendix A. Upgrading Your Current System 57Update boot loader configuration — Choose this option to keep your current boot loader configura-tion (GRUB

IntroductionWelcome to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide. This guide contains useful informationto assist you during the installation of

58 Appendix A. Upgrading Your Current System

Appendix B.Removing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxTo uninstall Red Hat Enterprise Linux from your x86-based system, you must remove the Red HatEnterprise Li

60 Appendix B. Removing Red Hat Enterprise LinuxThe print command also displays the partition’s type (such as linux-swap, ext2, ext3, and so on).Knowi

Appendix C.Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red HatEnterprise LinuxThis appendix discusses some common installation problems and their solutions.C

62 Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linuxmore RAM is present in the system), and for some new machines where the vi

Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 63One possible solution is to try using the resolution= boot option. This op

64 Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise LinuxC.3.4. Using Remaining SpaceYou have a swap and a / (root) partition creat

Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 65line 20, in runrc = self.todo.doInstall ()File "/var/tmp/anaconda-7.1

66 Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise LinuxC.4. Problems After InstallationC.4.1. Trouble With the Graphical GRUB Scr

Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 67id:5:initdefault:When you are satisfied with your change, save and exit the

ii Introductiontext found on a GUI interfaceA title, word, or phrase found on a GUI interface screen or window is shown in this style. Textshown in th

68 Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise LinuxOnce the boot loader screen has returned, type b to boot the system.Once y

Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 69C.4.7. Your Printer Does Not WorkIf you are not sure how to set up your pr

70 Appendix C. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Appendix D.An Introduction to Disk PartitionsNoteThis appendix is not necessarily applicable to non-x86-based architectures. However, the generalconce

72 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk PartitionsFigure D-2. Disk Drive with a File SystemAs Figure D-2, implies, the order imposed by a file system in

Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 73D.1.2. Partitions: Turning One Drive Into ManyAs disk drive capacities soared, some people began to w

74 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk PartitionsDOSFigure D-6. Disk Drive With Single PartitionIn many cases, there is only a single partition spanni

Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 75D.1.3. Partitions within Partitions — An Overview of ExtendedPartitionsOf course, over time it became

76 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk PartitionsD.1.4.1. Using Unpartitioned Free SpaceIn this situation, the partitions already defined do not span t

Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 77Destructive RepartitioningBasically, you delete the single large partition and create several smaller

Introduction iiiThe directory for the kernel source is /usr/src/<version-number>/, where<version-number> is the version of the kernel inst

78 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk PartitionsDOSDOSDOS DOSFigure D-11. Disk Drive Being CompressedIn Figure D-11, 1 represents before and 2 repres

Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 79NoteThe following information is specific to x86-based computers only.As a convenience to our customer

80 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk PartitionsNThe final number denotes the partition. The first four (primary or extended) partitions are num-bered

Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 81Keeping this in mind, we recommend that, unless you have a reason for doing otherwise, you should atl

82 Appendix D. An Introduction to Disk Partitions

Appendix E.Driver MediaE.1. Why Do I Need Driver Media?While the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program is loading, a screen may appear asking

84 Appendix E. Driver MediaTipIt is also possible to use a driver image via a network file. Instead of using the linux dd boot com-mand, use the linux

Appendix E. Driver Media 85The Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program asks you to insert the driver diskette. Once thedriver diskette is read b

86 Appendix E. Driver Media

Appendix F.Additional Boot OptionsThis appendix discusses additional boot and kernel boot options available for the Red Hat EnterpriseLinux installati